Neon Path Mac OS

Title Developer/publisher Release date Genre License Mac OS versions A-10 Attack! Parsoft Interactive 1995 Flight simulator Abandonware 7.5–9.2.2. If unspecified the last segment of the workspace path will be used. Note that OS X 10.6 or newer is required as this feature relies on the open command's ability to pass on arguments. Eclipse IDE 3.7+ and Java 1.7 or better is also required. Issues are reported in GitHub and comments go to @torkildr.

The primary goal of this tutorial is to explain how to set a working directory in R. The working directory is where your R session interacts with your hard drive. This is where you can read data that you want to use, and save new information such as derived data products, tables, maps, and figures. It is a good practice to store your information in an organized set of directories, so you will often want to change your working directory depending on what kinds of information that you need to access.This tutorial teaches how to download and unzip the data files that accompany many NEON Data Skills tutorials, and also covers the concept of file paths. You can read from top to bottom, or use the menu bar at left to navigate to your desired topic.

Learning Objectives

After completing this tutorial, you will be able to:

  • Be able to download and uncompress NEON Teaching Data Subsets.
  • Be able to set the R working directory.
  • Know the difference between full, base and relative paths.
  • Be able to write out both full and relative paths for a given file ordirectory.

Things You’ll Need To Complete This Lesson

To complete this lesson you will need the most current version of R and, preferably, RStudio loaded on your computer.

Download Data

NEON Teaching Data Subset: Meteorological Data for Harvard Forest

The epic cube simulator mac os. The data used in this lesson were collected at the National Ecological Observatory Network's Harvard Forest field site. These data are proxy data for what will be available for 30 years on the NEON data portalfor the Harvard Forest and other field sites located across the United States.

NEON Teaching Data Subset: Site Layout Shapefiles

These vector data provide information on the site characterization and infrastructure at the National Ecological Observatory Network's Harvard Forest field site.The Harvard Forest shapefiles are from the Harvard Forest GIS & Map archives. US Country and State Boundary layers are from the US Census Bureau.

Set Up For NEON Data Skills Tutorials

Many NEON data tutorials utilize teaching data subsets which are hosted on the NEON Data Skills figshare repository. If a data subset is required for a tutorial it can be downloaded at the top of each tutorial in the Download Data section.

Prior to working with any data in R, we must set the working directory tothe location of the data files. Setting the working directory tells R where the data files are located on the computer. If the working directory is not correctly set first, when we try to open a file we will get an error telling us that R cannot find the file.

Data Tip: All NEON Data Skills tutorials arewritten assuming the working directory is the parent directory to the uncompressed .zip file of downloaded data. This allows for multiple data subsets to be accessed in the tutorial without resetting the working directory. Generally, these tutorials have a default working directory of ~/Documents/data. If you are working on a Mac, we suggest that you save your downloaded datasets in a directory with the same name and location so that you don't have to edit the code for the tutorial that you are working on. Most windows machines cannot use the tilde '~' notation, therefore you must define the working directory explicitly.

  • Wondering why we're saying directory instead of folder? See ourdiscussion of Directory vs. Folder in the middle of this tutorial.

Download & Uncompress the Data

1) Download

First, we will download the data to a location on the computer. To download the data for this tutorial, click the blue button Download NEON Teaching Data Subset: Meteorological Data for Harvard Forest within the box at the top of this page.

Note: In other NEON Data Skills tutorials, download all data subsets in theDownload Data section prior to starting the tutorial. Here, the seconddata subset is for those wishing to practice these skills in a Challenge activity and will be downloaded at that time.

Mac Os Catalina

After clicking on the Download Data button, the data will automatically download to the computer.

2) Locate .zip file

Second, we need to find the downloaded .zip file. Many browsers default to downloading to the Downloads directory on your computer. Note: You may have previously specified a specific directory (folder) for filesdownloaded from the internet, if so, the .zip file will download there.

3) Move to data directory

Third, we must move the data files to the location we want to work with them. We recommend moving the .zip to a dedicated data directory within theDocuments directory on your computer. This data directory can then be a repository for all data subsets you use for the NEON Data Skills tutorials. Note: If you chose to store your data in a different directory (e.g., not in ~/Documents/data), modify the directions below with the appropriate file path to your data directory.

4) Unzip/uncompress

Fourth, we need to unzip/uncompress the file so that the data files can be accessed. Use your favorite tool that can unpackage/open .zip files (e.g.,winzip, Archive Utility, etc). The files will now be accessible in a directory named NEON-DS-Met-Time-Series containing all the subdirectories and files that make up the dataset or the subdirectories and files will be unzipped directly into the data directory. If the latter happens, they need to be moved into a data/NEON-DS-Met-Time-Series directory.

Challenge: Download and Unzip Teaching Data Subset

Want to make sure you have these steps down! Prepare the Site Layout Shapefiles Teaching Data Subset so that the filesare accessible and ready to be opened in R.

The directory should be the same as in this screenshot (below). Note that NEON-DS-Site-Lyout-Files directory will only be in your directory if you completed the challenge above. If you did not, your directory should look the same but without that directory.

Directory vs. Folder

'Directory' and 'Folder' both refer to the same thing. Folder makes a lot of sense when we think of an isolated folder as a 'bin' containing many files. However, the analogy to a physical file folder falters when we start thinking about the relationship between different folders and how we tell a computer to find a specific folder. This is why the term directory is often preferred. Any directory (folder) can hold other directories and/or files. When we set the working directory, we are telling the computer the location of the directory (or folder) to start with when looking for other files or directories, or to save any output to.

Full, Base, and Relative Paths

The data downloaded and unzipped in the previous steps are located within a nested set of directories:

  • primary-level/home directory: neon
    • This directory isn't obvious as we are within this directory once we loginto the computer.
    • You will see your own user ID.
  • secondary-level directory: neon/Documents
  • tertiary-level directory: neon/Documents/data
  • quaternary-level directory: neon/Documents/data/NEON-DS-Met-Time-Series
  • quaternary-level directory: neon/Documents/data/NEON-DS-Site-Layout-Shapefiles

Full & Base Path

The full path is essentially the complete 'directions' for how to find the desired directory or file. It always starts with the home directory or root(e.g., /Users/neon/). A full path is the base path when used to set the working directory to a specific directory. The base path for the NEON-DS-Met-Time-Series directory would be:

Data Tip: File or directory paths and the home directory will appear slightly different in different operating systems. Linux will appear as /home/neon/. Windows will be similar to C:Documents and Settingsneon or C:Usersneon. The format varies by Windows version. Make special note of the direction of the slashes. Mac OS X and Unix format will appear as /Users/neon/. This tutorial will show Mac OS X output unless specificallynoted.

Neon path mac os catalina

Challenge: Full File Path

Write out the full path for the NEON-DS-Site-Layout-Shapefiles directory. Usethe format of the operating system you are currently using.

Tip: When typing in the Rstudio console or an R script, if you surround your filepath with quotes you can take advantage of the 'tab-completion' feature. To use this feature, begin typing your filepath (e.g., '~/' or 'C:') and then hit the tab button, which should pop up a list of possible directories and files that you could be pointing to. This method is awesome for avoiding typos in complex or long filepaths!

Bonus Points: Write the path as for one of the other operating systems.

Relative Path

A relative path is a path to a directory or file that starts from thelocation determined by the working directory. If our working directory is setto the data directory,

we can then create a relative path for all directories and files within thedata directory.

The relative path for the meanNDVI_HARV_2011.csv file would be:

Neon Path Mac Os Catalina

Challenge: Relative File Path

Use the format of your current operating system:

  1. Write out the full path to for the Boundary-US-State-Mass.shp file.
  2. Write out the relative path for the Boundary-US-State-Mass.shp fileassuming that the working directory is set to /Users/neon/Documents/data/.

Bonus: Write the paths as for one of the other operating systems.

The R Working Directory

In R, the working directory is the directory where R starts when looking for any file to open (as directed by a file path) and where it saves any output.

Without a working directory all R scripts would need the full file path written any time we wanted to open or save a file. It is more efficient if we have a base file path set as our working directory and then all file paths written in our scripts only consist of the file path relative to that base path (a relative path).

  • If you are unfamiliar with the term full path, base path, or relative path, please see the section below on Full, Base, and Relative Pathsfor a more detailed explanation before continuing with this tutorial.

Find a Full Path to a File in Unknown Location

If you are unsure of the path to a specific directory or file, you can find this information for a particular file/directory of interest by looking in the:

  • Windows: Properties, General tab (right click on the file/directory) or in the file path bar at the top of each window (select versions).
  • Mac OS X: Get Info (right clicking/control+click on the file/directory)

The file path may appear as:

Computer > Users > neon > Documents > data > NEON-DS-Met-Time-Series

Copy and paste this information to automatically reformat into the full path to the directory or file:

  • Windows: C:UsersneonDocumentsdataNEON-DS-Met-Time-Series
  • Mac OS X: /Users/neon/Documents/data/NEON-DS-Met-Time-Series

Data Tip: File or directory paths and the home directory will appear slightly different in different operating systems. Linux will appear as /home/neon/. Windows will be similar to C:Documents and Settingsneon or C:Usersneon. The format varies by Windows version. Make special note of the direction of the slashes. Mac OS X and Unix format will appear as /Users/neon/. This tutorial will show Mac OSX output unless specificallynoted.

Determine Current Working Directory

https://taylor-download.mystrikingly.com/blog/the-gateway-trilogy-mac-os. Once we are in the R program, we can view the current working directoryusing the code getwd().

The working directory is currently set to the home directory /Users/neon. Remember, your current working directory will have a different user name and mayappear different based on operating system.

This code can be used at any time to determine the current working directory.

Set the Working Directory

To set our current working directory to the location where our data are located,we can either set the working directory in the R script or use our current GUIto select the working directory.

Data Tip: All NEON Data Skills tutorials arewritten assuming the working directory is the parent directory to the downloadeddata (the data directory in this tutorial). This allows for multiple data subsets to be accessed in the tutorial without resetting the working directory. Apple prores mac install in adobe premiere.

We want to set our working directory to the data directory.

Set the Working Directory: Base Path in Script

We can set the working directory using the code setwd('PATH') where PATH is the full path to the desired directory. You can enter 'PATH' as a string (as shown below), or save the file path as a string to a variable (e.g., wd <- '~/Documents/data') and then set the working directory based on that variable (e.g., setwd(wd)).

This latter method is used in many of the NEON Data Skills tutorials because of the advantages that this method provides. First, this method is extermely flexible across different compute environments and formats, including personal computers, Linux-based servers on 'the cloud' (e.g., AWS, CyVerse), and when using Rmarkdown (.Rmd) documents. Second this method allows the tutorial's user to set their working directory once as a string and then to reuse that string as needed to reference input files, or make output files. For example, some functions must have a full filepath to an input file (such as when reading in HDF5 files). Third, this method simplifies the process that NEON uses internally to create and update these tutorials. All in all, saving the working directory as a string variable makes the code more explicit and determanistic without relying on working knowledge of relative filepaths, making your code more producible and easier for an outsider to interpret.

To practice, use these techniques to set your working directory to the directory where you have the data saved, and check that you set the working directory correctly. There is no R output from setwd(). If we want to check that the working directory is correctly set we can use getwd().

Example Windows File Path

https://wheel-codes-no-ultra-deposit-jackpot-mn-bonus-deposit-2018.peatix.com. Notice the the backslashes used in Windows paths must be changed to slashes inR.

Example Mac OS X File Path

Data Tip: If using RStudio, you can view the contents of the working directory in the Files pane.

Set the Working Directory: Using RStudio GUI

Neon Path Mac Os X

You can also set the working directory using the Rstudio and/or R graphical user interface (GUI). This method is easy for beginners to learn, but it also makes your code less reproducible because it relies on a person to follow certain instructions, which is a process that introduces human error. It may also be impossible for an observer to determine where your input data are stored, which can make troubleshooting more difficult as well. Use this method when getting started, or when you will find it helpful to use a graphical user interface to navigate your files. Note that this method will run a single line setwd() command in the console when you select your working directory, so you can copy/paste that line into your script for future use!

  1. Go to Session in menu bar,
  2. select Select Working Directory,
  3. select Choose Directory,
  4. in the new window that appears, select the appropriate directory.

Set the Working Directory: Using R GUI

Windows Operating Systems:

  1. Go to the File menu bar,
  2. select Change dir.. or Change Working Directory,
  3. in the new window that appears, select the appropriate directory.

Neon Path Mac Os Catalina

Mac Operating Systems:

  1. Go to the Misc menu,
  2. select Change Working Directory,
  3. in the new window that appears, select the appropriate directory.

Can we set up global ADB on Mac by adding ADB variable environment? I had this question in mind while writing a tutorial on setting up system-wide ADB and Fastboot on Windows. “ADB command not found” is a common issue for Android users trying to run ADB commands on Mac. Fortunately, there’s an easy way to add ADB to a path on Mac by setting up PATH variable in bash profile and enable universally present ADB and Fastboot.

Besides, there’s another trick that involves dragging the ‘Platform-tools’ folder to the Mac Terminal. By doing so, you can immediately trigger ADB and Fastboot and start using commands without adding the folder path manually.

Once you have set up global ADB and Fastboot by adding ADB or Platform-tools to a path via a Bash profile in the Mac Terminal, you’ll be able to run ADB commands from any screen.

Set up ADB Path in Mac Terminal Bash Profile

If you want to enjoy global access to the ADB and Fastboot command-line tools right after launching the Mac Terminal, follow the steps described below.

  1. Download the latest Android SDK Platform-tools that contain ADB and Fastboot drivers for Mac. Extract the downloaded zip to get a folder named ‘platform-tools‘.
  2. Now open the Home directory on your Mac. If you don’t know how to do that, there are 3 ways to open it.
    • Press Command+Shift+H on your keyboard.
    • Press Command+Shift+G and enter ‘~/’.
    • Double-click the Macintosh HD icon on your desktop. Now click Users > Home icon.
    • Click on the Go tab in the Finder bar and select Home.
  3. Create a new folder called ‘android-sdk-macosx‘ in the Home directory. You can rename it as ‘ADB’ or ‘AndroidSDK’ too if you want.
  4. Now, right-click on the ‘platform-tools‘ folder icon and select the Copy “platform-tools” option from the context menu.
  5. Paste the ‘platform-tools‘ folder in the new folder you created. You can move this folder to any other location where you won’t accidentally delete them. I moved it to the root of my Macbook Pro’s storage.
  6. Launch the Mac Terminal app from Finder > Go > Utilities.
  7. When the Terminal is open, type the following command given below and press the Enter key. In order to avoid typo mistakes, you can simply copy and paste the command into the Terminal window. Just make sure to use the correct path of the ‘platform-tools‘ folder in the command line. You can easily copy the folder path on Mac using the tips in my guide.
  8. In case you moved ‘platform-tools’ to the Home directory, you can use the following command after replacing username with yours.
  9. Now that the ADB PATH variable has been added to your bash profile, you need to reload it using the following command. Alternatively, you can just close the Terminal window and re-launch it.
  10. If you want to check the current value of the PATH variable, you can use the following command. Otherwise, just skip to the next step.
  11. Since you have already added ADB to Path on your Mac, you can start using ADB or Fastboot commands. It’s time to verify that you have set up ADB properly on your Mac. Just type adb or adb devices in the Terminal and hit the Enter key.
  12. In case you get the ‘adb: command not found‘ error on your Mac, you might have made some mistake. Try the steps given above again more carefully.

Neon Path Mac Os Download

Add Terminal Shortcut to Platform-Tools

Finally, here’s the easiest method to add any folder path to the Mac terminal. Just follow the tip described below to get rid of typing the ‘platform-tools‘ folder path in the Mac Terminal every time you have to use ADB and Fastboot commands. It doesn’t provide a global or system-wide ADB support as the above method does.

  1. Open System Preferences on your Mac.
  2. Click on Keyboard.
  3. On the next screen, click on Shortcuts and select Services from the left pane.
  4. Now, look for Files and Folders in the right pane and enable New Terminal at Folder.
  5. The shortcut will be added to the folder context menu. You can close the System Preferences window.
  6. Just right-click on the ‘platform-tools‘ folder icon and select the New Terminal at Folder option.
  7. When the Terminal window is launched, you can run any ADB and Fastboot command directly without typing the folder path.

If you want to learn more about ADB and Fastboot, read my tutorial describing some more ways to install ADB on Mac. You should also check out these ADB Shell commands and other stuff that you can do on your Android device with ADB.